Was different in the presence of a respiratory tract infection, so more frequent glucose level measurements were necessary.25 Several factors influence aerosol droplet production, the most important being jet nebulizer flow rate,2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2135 2.tapping of the residual cup during nebulization,35,36 design of the residual cup,37 the chemical entity used,38,39 residual cup filling on initiation of nebulization,35 residual cup loading,40 viscosity,34 charge on the drug molecule,41 surface tension, and concentration of the drug solution. It has been observed that the salts present in the chemical structure of a drug are responsible for absorption of water from the environment and expansion of the molecule. Dry powder absorbs water from the environment, and according to the porosity of theMMAD (m)2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.1.1.1.1.DAEFBCGResidual cupFigure 6 Mean mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) values using various cup designs. Vertical lines denote the 95 confidence intervals extracted from the mean square error (analysis of variance).submit your manuscript | www.dovepressDrug Design, Development and Therapy 2014:DovepressDovepress 4.0 3.5 3.2.9459 2.6943 2.5322 2.5246 Drug Druginhaled TKis for pulmonary hypertensionTarceva ImatinibMMAD (m)2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.2.1.4811 1.1.6179 1.273 1.2758 1.3732 1.1.1.DAEFBCGResidual cupFigure 7 Mean mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) values according to residual cups and drug inhalation. Vertical lines denote the 95 confidence intervals extracted from the mean square error (analysis of variance).particles, expansion may be 50 5 of the initial particle size. Further hydration may cause either expansion or contraction of the molecule (not applicable in the case of powder for concentration). The shape of the dry powder particle plays an important role in induction of cough. If one axis of a dry powder particle is larger, the mucosa of the respiratory system becomes irritated and cough is induced. The major limitation of our study was that we did not evaluate the timing of aerosol production accurately in each experiment. This parameter is very important in designing2.3 2.2 2.1 2.any future aerosol product since the timing of administration is very important for the patient.Efruxifermin TKIs have been observed to block or reverse pulmonary fibrosis.Elacestrant 42 Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been reported to activate proliferation of the microvasculature, so inhibition of EGFR has been proposed as an alternative treatment approach for PH.PMID:24463635 43 A novel inhaled EGFR inhibitor has also been investigated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and could be used for PH.44 Imatinib has been identified as a possible treatment1.MMAD (m)1.9 1.1.1.7 1.6 1.5 1.1.LoadingFigure 8 Mean mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) changes with increasing loading levels. Vertical lines denote the 95 confidence intervals extracted from the mean square error (analysis of variance).Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2014:submit your manuscript | www.dovepressDovepressPitsiou et al 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 Drug Tarceva Drug Imatinib 2.DovepressMMAD (m)2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 Invacare 1.4156 2.2.1.1.SunmistMaxinebNebulizerFigure 9 Mean mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMaD) values according to the combined performance of drugs and nebulizers. Vertical lines denote the 95 confidence intervals extracted from the mean square error (analysis of variance).for hypereosinophilic syndrome p.