Ght for age z-scores have been substantially decrease than 0 (p 0.001) and stunting was typical (42.9 ). Zinc deficiency was extremely prevalent in Cambodia (92.eight ), whereas zinc deficiency was identified in only 12.two from the Cuban children. Prevalence of STH infections was eight.four and 16.8 for Cuba and Cambodia, respectively. Within the Cuban study, by far the most common STH infections have been A. lumbricoides (61.4 ) and T. trichiura (36.8 ), although hookworm (97.0 ) was the predominant STH infection in Cambodia. In both TRXR1/TXNRD1, Human (His) populations, most STH infections had been of light intensity (Table 1). Table 1. Characteristics from the study populations.Cuba (N = 1389) n ( ) or mean ?sd Age (years) Sex (female) Height for age z-score Stunted STH infection a Ascaris lumbricoides Light (five.000 epg) Moderate (5.000?0.000 epg) Heavy (50.000 epg) Trichuris trichiura Light (1.000 epg) 8.14 ?two.07 640 (47.0 ) 0.06 ?1.04 21 (1.6 ) 114 (8.4 ) 70 (five.2 ) 55 (four.1 ) 15 (1.1 ) 0 42 (three.1 ) 38 (2.8 ) Cambodia (N = 2471) n ( ) or imply ?sd 9.68 ?2.27 1236 (50.0 ) -1.81 ?1.05 1056 (42.9 ) 302 (16.8 ) five (0.three ) 5 (0.3 ) 0 0 6 (0.3 ) six (0.three )Nutrients 2015, 7 Table 1. Cont.Cuba (N = 1389) Moderate (1.000?0.000 epg) Heavy (10.000 epg) Hookworm Light (two.000 epg) Moderate (2.000?.000 epg) Heavy (four.000 epg) Hair zinc (g g-1) Zinc deficiency c Plasma zinc d (mol L-1) Zinc deficiency e Inflammation No inflammation Only CRP elevated Only AGP elevated CRP AGP elevatedaCambodia (N = 2471) 0 0 293 (16.3 ) 283 (15.8 ) 9 (0.five ) 1 (0.1 ) n.a. n.a. 7.65 ?1.69 1884 (92.8 ) 1450 (60.5 ) 8 (0.three ) 816 (34.1 ) 122 (five.1 )2 (0.1 ) two (0.1 ) 15 (1.1 ) 13 (1.0 ) 0 two (0.1 ) 113 (91?37) b 28 (12.2 ) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.: N= 1353 (Cuba) or N = 1795 (Cambodia); b: median (IQR), N =230; c: hair zinc 70 g g-1; d: N =2112; e : age four?: plasma zinc 9.9 mol L-1; girls age 10 and up: plasma zinc 10.1 mol L-1 boys age ten and up: plasma zinc ten.7 mol L-1, N = 2030; STH: soil-transmitted helminth; epg: eggs per gram feces; n.a.: not applicable3.two. Associations between Height for Age, Zinc and STH Infection STH infected Cuban youngsters had on Complement C3/C3a Protein MedChemExpress average decrease height for age compared to their uninfected peers (Table two), and regression evaluation showed a significant unfavorable association between STH infection and height for age (Table three). The association amongst hair zinc and height for age was not considerable but did show a optimistic trend. In Cambodia, plasma zinc, but not STH infection, was substantially related with height for age (Table 3). In both populations, STH x zinc interaction terms were not statistically considerable. Nevertheless, when stratifying for STH infection, within the uninfected Cuban youngsters a considerable, optimistic association (aB-0.471, p = 0.033) was found among hair zinc and height for age. Table 2. Zinc and height for age in STH infected and uninfected young children.N Cuba CambodiaaZinc concentration 112.55 (88.three?36.0) 113.35 (94.four?43.7) a 7.74 ?1.70 b 7.52 ?1.70 baN 1251 117 1450Height for age z score (imply ?sd) 0.11 ?0.97 -0.31 ?1.16 -1.81 ?1.05 -1.84 ?1.STH uninfected STH infected STH uninfected STH infected160 70 1239: Hair zinc in g g-1, median (IQR); b: Plasma zinc in mol L-1, imply ?sd.; STH: soil-transmitted helminthIn the Cuban study, the median hair zinc concentration was slightly greater in STH infected than in uninfected young children (Table 2), however the outcome in the regression analysis was not statistically important (Table 4). In contrast, STH infected kids inside the Cambodian study had on average reduced plasma z.