EJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Page 8 ofFig. three Twelve candidate genes had been
EJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Web page eight ofFig. three Twelve candidate genes were verified and measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The information represent the average standard deviation (n = 3). The vertical axis represents the level of gene expression discovered through PCR. There was a significant distinction involving tea leaves treated with brassinosteroids (BRs) for 0 h and tea leaves exogenously sprayed with BRs for 48 h (P 0.05)also identified (Fig. 4: two). KEGG evaluation showed that compared with CAK (BR spraying for 0 h), the expression levels of numerous mitotic cyclin genes for instance Cyc, CycD3, CycD4, and CDC6 had been upregulated three h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h after BR spraying, but the highest gene expression levels varied among time points. We hypothesize thatwithin 48 h of BR spraying, cyclin genes were upregulated, which in turn promoted development via cell division. Additionally, it was identified that spraying BRs onto tea leaves also considerably upregulated the cold resistance genes CBF and ICE, too because the theanine synthesis-related genes threonine synthase, (TS), glutamineJin et al. BMC Genomics(2022) 23:Web page 9 ofFig. four 1 Heat map of genes related to BR signal transduction. 2 Heat map of genes associated with cell division, theanine, caffeine, and cold resistance. three Chlorophyll synthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with chlorophyll synthesis. 4 Starch synthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with starch synthesis. 5 Sucrose biosynthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with sucrose synthesis. 6 Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway; heat map of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Red and green represent higher expression levels and low expression levels, respectively; CAK, Brassinosteroids (BRs) sprayed for 0 h; CAA, BRs sprayed for 3 h; CAB, BRs sprayed for 9 h, CAC; BRs sprayed for 24 h; CAD, BRs sprayed for 48 hsynthetase (GS), and arginine decarboxylase (ADC). Interestingly, the expression of caffeine-related synthetic genes was downregulated which include caffeine synthase 2(TCS2) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS).Exogenous spraying of BR upregulates genes related to the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway in tea leavesKEGG enrichment annotation identified five genes within the ginseng chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (Fig. 4: 3). KEGG analysis showed that compared with CAK (BR spraying for 0 h), following BR spraying for three h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the important regulatory genes of glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA), uroporphyrinogen III synthase (HEMD), POR, Mg-chelatase (C-HLH), and PDE7 web chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) that happen to be related to chlorophyll synthesis pathway had been upregulated, and their expression levels peaked at 48 h.Exogenous spraying of BR onto tea leaves promotes the upregulated expression of genes related to the starch biosynthesis pathwayKEGG enrichment annotation revealed that three genes are Porcupine Gene ID involved inside the starch biosynthesis pathway (Fig. 4: four). KEGG evaluation showed that compared with CAK (spraying BRs for 0 h), soon after spraying BRs for 3 h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the expression of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), GBSS, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), along with the starch-branching enzyme (SBE) crucial regulatory bases related to the starch synthesis pathway had been upregulated. At 24 h, the expression of genes associated with the sucrose synthesis pathway peaked.Exogenous spraying of BR onto tea leaves promotes the upregulated expression of genes within the sucrose biosynthetic pathwayEight genes involved within the sucrose biosynthesis path.