The modulation index is defined as In Figure five, es is the
The modulation index is defined as In Figure 5, es is the modulating signal with amplitude Aref, and e1 e8 are carriers. The A f level-shifted carriers e1 e4 have the very same phase,rewhich is compared together with the modulating M= (1) signal to create switching manage Thromboxane B2 Autophagy signals for2Ac 1st cascaded unit. Similarly, the levelthe shifted carriers e5 e8, whose phase is opposite to e1 e4, are compared with all the modulating where A is the peak-to-peak amplitude of the carriers. signal forcgenerating switching handle signals for the second cascaded unit. It could be observed The operating status levels of 0, within the cascaded inverter is given in Table two, where from Figure 5, 5 voltage of each switch and E are created for the output (uo1 and uo2) “” and “” along with a nine-level output voltage (uo) of 0, , E, E and E is obtained by in every single unit, represent capacitor discharging and charging, respectively. cascading two units. It was noted that for each unit, when the output voltage is switching Table two. Operating status of each and every switch. between E and 2E, the capacitor operates in charging and discharging mode alternately in high frequency. For that reason, the capacitor voltage can be balanced to dc input voltage Status Capacitor Status automatically, as well as the S voltage ripple of the capacitor might be minimized. Output Level Si1 Si2 Si3 Si5 Si6 Si7 i4 The modulation index is defined as1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2E 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 E 1= (1) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 two 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 where Ac is definitely the peak-to-peak amplitude of the carriers. 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 -E 0The operating status of each switch within the cascaded inverter is given in Table 2, where 1 1 0 0 1 0 -2E”” and “” represent capacitor discharging and charging, respectively. Based on Table 22and Figure five, the modulation logic of switching manage signals In line with Table and Figure five, the modulation logic of switching control signals within the very first cascaded unit might be summarized asas follows. When 0, thethe control signal inside the very first cascaded unit might be summarized follows. When es es 0, control signal of Sof satisfies vgs11 vgs11which is complementary to control signal of S13;of S ; when eor es 11 S11 satisfies = 1, = 1, which can be complementary to handle signal when 0 es 0 two es e2 13 e3, the e , thesignal ofsignal of S vgs12 = 1, which is complementary to control to control or es control control S12 satisfies satisfies vgs12 = 1, which can be complementary signal of 3 12 Ssignal of e414 ;ewhen thecontrol ,signals of S15 and S17of S15 and S17 vgs17 = 1,vwhich vgs17 = 1, 14; when S s e1, e es e1 the control signals satisfy vgs15 = satisfy gs15 = is com4 plementary Bomedemstat Epigenetics towards the control signal of S16. Similarly, of Smodulation logic of switching control that is complementary to the control signal the 16 . Similarly, the modulation logic of signals in the second cascaded unit is shown as follows: when es 0, vgs21 = 1; when 0 es e switching manage signals in the second cascaded unit is shown as follows: when s 0, e6 or es= 1;7,when 0 when six 8or ess ee7 ,vvgs22 1. 1; when e8logic e5 , vgs25 = 1. Hence, the logic vgs21 e vgs22 = 1; es e e e 5, gs25 = = Thus, the es modulating circuit of hybrid pulse width modulation is shown inwidth modulation is shown in Figure 6. modulating circuit of hybrid pulse Figure 6.Energies 2021, 14,Si1 1 1 1 0 0Si2 0 0 1 0 1Si3 0 0 0 1 1Si4 1 1 0 1 0Si5 0 1 1 1 1Si6 1 0 0 0 0Si7 0 1 1 1 1Capacitor StatusOutput Level 2E E 0 0 8 of 15 -E -2EFigure 6. Modulating logic circuit of hybrid PWM. Figure six. Modulating logic circuit of hybri.