Emic Editor: Suresh Awale Received: 9 October 2021 Accepted: 19 October 2021 Published: 20 OctoberCentre of
Emic Editor: Suresh Awale Received: 9 October 2021 Accepted: 19 October 2021 Published: 20 OctoberCentre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; [email protected] (C.G.P.); [email protected] (M.J.R.) Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; [email protected] (C.B.M.); [email protected] (C.H.F.); [email protected] (C.F.) Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Triadimenol medchemexpress Brazil Natural Goods, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, four Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; [email protected] Division of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-720, RN, Brazil; [email protected] Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Josue de Castro St., Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (C.R.D.C.) Correspondence: [email protected]’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Marine halophytes are an outstanding reservoir of all-natural solutions and many species have anti-infectious standard makes use of. On the other hand, reports about their possible use against neglected tropical ailments, for instance Chagas disease, are scarce. This work evaluated for the initial time the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of extracts in the aromatic and medicinal species Helichrysum italicum subsp. picardii (Boiss. Reut.) Franco (Asteraceae, everlasting) and Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae, sea fennel). For that purpose, decoctions, tinctures, and necessary oils from everlasting’s 2-Hydroxychalcone Inhibitor flowers and sea fennel’s stems, leaves, and flowers were tested against intracellular amastigotes of two T. cruzi strains. The extract in the sea fennel flower decoction displayed significant anti-trypanosomal activity and no toxicity towards the host cell (EC50 = 17.7 /mL, selectivity index 5.65). Subsequent fractionation of this extract afforded five fractions that had been re-tested inside the identical model of anti-parasitic activity. Fraction 1 was by far the most active and selective (EC50 = 0.47 /mL, selectivity index = 59.six) and was submitted to preparative thin-layer chromatography. One big compound was identified, falcarindiol, which was probably the one accountable for the observed antitrypanosomal activity. This was confirmed utilizing a commercially sourced molecule. Target-fishing research showed falcarindiol as a ligand of T. cruzi spermidine synthase, pointing to a prospective enzyme-inhibiting anti-trypanosomal mechanism of action. All round, this operate shows that sea fennel can offer powerful anti-parasitic molecule(s) with possible pharmacological applications in the treatment of CD. Search phrases: Marine halophytes; Chagas illness; Trypanosoma cruzi; neglected tropical diseases; Crithmum maritimum; falcarindiolCopyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access short article distributed beneath the terms and situations with the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).1. Introduction Neglected tropical illnesses (NTDs) are a group of disabling and chronic infections that flourish mostly in impoverished environments impairing the lives of over a single billion pe.