Hortage affected the trends of AR-13324 web antimicrobial prescriptions for treating MSSA bacteremia. Due to the cefazolin shortage, the use of penicillins except for antipseudomonal agents, increased as an option agent for treating MSSA bacteremia, with no alterations in clinical outcomes such as adverse drug reactions, treatment failure, and 30-day mortality. We also identified the antipseudomonal penicillin piperacillin/tazobactam for definitive therapy and altered mental status as independent risk variables for therapy failure due to MSSA bacteremia. These findings demonstrate that the prescription of narrow-spectrum antibiotics should be provided as an alternative in the face of a Deguelin Protocol shortage of cefazolin.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.U.; methodology, A.U. and K.O. (Kayo Osawa); software program, A.U.; validation, A.U.; formal analysis, A.U.; investigation, A.U.; sources, A.U. and K.O. (Kenichiro Onuma); data curation, A.U.; writing–original draft preparation, A.U. and K.O. (Kenichiro Onuma); writing–review and editing, A.U.; visualization, A.U.; supervision, K.S., K.K., Y.Y., and T.M.; project administration, I.Y. and T.M. All authors have read and agreed for the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This analysis received no external funding. Institutional Overview Board Statement: The study was carried out based on the recommendations on the Declaration of Helsinki and authorized by the Institutional Review Board of the Graduate College of Well being Sciences, Kobe University (No. 472-6). Informed Consent Statement: Patient consent was waived resulting from the retrospective nature on the study. Data Availability Statement: Information sharing will not be applicable to this article. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
antioxidantsReviewSelenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydroperoxides in Chemistry and BiologyLaura Orian 1, and Leopold Floh2,three, 1 2Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universitdegli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Universitdegli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay Correspondence: [email protected] (L.O.); [email protected] (L.F.); Tel.: +39-049-827-5140 (L.O.)Citation: Orian, L.; Floh L. Selenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydroperoxides in Chemistry and Biology. Antioxidants 2021, ten, 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox10101560 Academic Editors: Stefano Menichetti and Claus Jacob Received: 12 August 2021 Accepted: 28 September 2021 Published: 30 SeptemberAbstract: Among the chalcogens, selenium is the essential element for catalyzed H2 O2 reduction. In organic synthesis, catalytic amounts of organo mono- and di-selenides are largely used in diverse classes of oxidations, in which H2 O2 alone is poorly effective. Biological hydroperoxide metabolism is dominated by peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, which balance hydroperoxide challenge and contribute to redox regulation. When their selenocysteine is replaced by cysteine, the cellular antioxidant defense system is impaired. Finally, classes of organoselenides happen to be synthesized with the aim of mimicking the biological method of glutathione peroxidases, but their therapeutic application has so far been limited. Furthermore, their therapeutic use can be doubted, simply because H2 O2 will not be only toxic but also serves as a vital messenger. Consequently, over-optimization of H2 O2 reduction may perhaps result in unexpected disturbances of metabolic regulation.