Me in comparison to those without malnutrition. Sex, 
disease duration, the degree of immune suppression, and drug or alcohol use did not differ significantly between those with and without 
malnutrition. Chronic diarrhea at admission was the only clinical diagnosis associated with malnutrition in univariate analyses. Multivariable analyses identified older age (2 [95 CI 0? ] increase in the prevalence of malnutrition for each additional year of age) and very low per capita GW0742 custom synthesis household income as patient attributes independently associated with malnutrition. Living with a daily per capita household income of less than USD 2.00, USD 2.00?.99 or USD 5.00?.99 increased the prevalence ofMalnutrition in Patients Hospitalized with AIDSTable 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with AIDS.Category DemographicCharacteristic Male sex Age (years) Race Black Mixed Whiten 127 127Number ( ) or median [IQR] (N = 127) 78 (61) 36 [30?4] 68 (53) 52 (41) 7 (6)SocioeconomicFormal education (years) Formally employed Participant of cash payments program*127 127 127 , 2.00 2.00?4.99 5.00?9.99 10.007 [5?1] 20 (16) 35 (28) 28 (22) 41 (34) 34 (28) 24 (20)Per capita household income (USD/day)ClinicalTime from HIV disease to current hospitalization{At hospitalization{ #2 years prior 3?0 years prior 11 years prior40 (32) 36 (29) 36 (29) 13 (10)Prior HIV-related hospitalizations HAART” CD4 count (cells/mm3) HIV load (log10 copies/mL) Outcome Days of Iloprost hospitalization ICU admission Death during hospitalization59 (69 ) 58 (68) 104 [43?15] 4.92 [4.00?.33] 17 [10?5] 14 (12) 19 (16)851 100 94 118 118?*Self-reported participant of a direct cash payments program (bolsa familia) from the Brazilian government as part of a national effort to reduce severe poverty and food insecurity. { Represents the length of time the patient was aware of diagnosis of HIV disease prior to current hospitalization. { Diagnosis made at current hospitalization. 1 Denominator includes only those 85 patients with knowledge of their HIV disease prior to current hospitalization. ” Includes self-reported current or former HAART use. IQR = interquartile range. USD = United States dollar. HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy. ICU = intensive care unit. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048717.tmalnutrition by 2.01 (95 CI 1.06?.81), 1.75 (95 CI 0.92?3.35) and 1.42 (95 CI 0.76?.65) times, respectively, compared to the patients whose per capita household income was USD 10.00 per day or greater. Diagnosis of chronic diarrhea at admission was marginally associated with malnutrition (PR 1.42; 95 CI 0.99?.04) and was kept in the final model because it improved its fitness.Malnutrition and DeathThere was a trend toward increased risk of death among patients who had malnutrition at admission. While 11 (22 ) of the 50 patients with malnutrition and available data on outcome died, 1326631 8 (12 ) of the 68 patients without malnutrition died (RR 1.87; 95 CI 0.81?.31; chi square P = 0.14).DiscussionThe Brazilian National STD/AIDS Program is recognized worldwide as a successful example of a nationally integrated HIV/ AIDS prevention, medical care, and antiretroviral treatment strategy. From 1996, when HAART was introduced andguaranteed free of cost to every Brazilian in need, the number of patients receiving HAART continuously increased in Brazil, reaching around 200,000 patients with top-of-the-line antiretroviral drugs in 2010 [28]. AIDS incidence subsequently stabilized and mor.Me in comparison to those without malnutrition. Sex, disease duration, the degree of immune suppression, and drug or alcohol use did not differ significantly between those with and without malnutrition. Chronic diarrhea at admission was the only clinical diagnosis associated with malnutrition in univariate analyses. Multivariable analyses identified older age (2 [95 CI 0? ] increase in the prevalence of malnutrition for each additional year of age) and very low per capita household income as patient attributes independently associated with malnutrition. Living with a daily per capita household income of less than USD 2.00, USD 2.00?.99 or USD 5.00?.99 increased the prevalence ofMalnutrition in Patients Hospitalized with AIDSTable 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with AIDS.Category DemographicCharacteristic Male sex Age (years) Race Black Mixed Whiten 127 127Number ( ) or median [IQR] (N = 127) 78 (61) 36 [30?4] 68 (53) 52 (41) 7 (6)SocioeconomicFormal education (years) Formally employed Participant of cash payments program*127 127 127 , 2.00 2.00?4.99 5.00?9.99 10.007 [5?1] 20 (16) 35 (28) 28 (22) 41 (34) 34 (28) 24 (20)Per capita household income (USD/day)ClinicalTime from HIV disease to current hospitalization{At hospitalization{ #2 years prior 3?0 years prior 11 years prior40 (32) 36 (29) 36 (29) 13 (10)Prior HIV-related hospitalizations HAART” CD4 count (cells/mm3) HIV load (log10 copies/mL) Outcome Days of hospitalization ICU admission Death during hospitalization59 (69 ) 58 (68) 104 [43?15] 4.92 [4.00?.33] 17 [10?5] 14 (12) 19 (16)851 100 94 118 118?*Self-reported participant of a direct cash payments program (bolsa familia) from the Brazilian government as part of a national effort to reduce severe poverty and food insecurity. { Represents the length of time the patient was aware of diagnosis of HIV disease prior to current hospitalization. { Diagnosis made at current hospitalization. 1 Denominator includes only those 85 patients with knowledge of their HIV disease prior to current hospitalization. ” Includes self-reported current or former HAART use. IQR = interquartile range. USD = United States dollar. HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy. ICU = intensive care unit. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048717.tmalnutrition by 2.01 (95 CI 1.06?.81), 1.75 (95 CI 0.92?3.35) and 1.42 (95 CI 0.76?.65) times, respectively, compared to the patients whose per capita household income was USD 10.00 per day or greater. Diagnosis of chronic diarrhea at admission was marginally associated with malnutrition (PR 1.42; 95 CI 0.99?.04) and was kept in the final model because it improved its fitness.Malnutrition and DeathThere was a trend toward increased risk of death among patients who had malnutrition at admission. While 11 (22 ) of the 50 patients with malnutrition and available data on outcome died, 1326631 8 (12 ) of the 68 patients without malnutrition died (RR 1.87; 95 CI 0.81?.31; chi square P = 0.14).DiscussionThe Brazilian National STD/AIDS Program is recognized worldwide as a successful example of a nationally integrated HIV/ AIDS prevention, medical care, and antiretroviral treatment strategy. From 1996, when HAART was introduced andguaranteed free of cost to every Brazilian in need, the number of patients receiving HAART continuously increased in Brazil, reaching around 200,000 patients with top-of-the-line antiretroviral drugs in 2010 [28]. AIDS incidence subsequently stabilized and mor.